>>> THANKS FOR JOINING US FOR THIS LOOK AT THE BEST ORIGINAL REPORTING FROM KPBS.

WE HEAR FROM THOSE DEMANDING THAT THE UC SYSTEM CREATES BETTER TEACHING.

>>> HOW THE CALIFORNIA MARKET PLACE WILL OPERATE IN THE YEAR AHEAD.

>>> A NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER WHO MADE HIS MARK TICKETS AGO AND NOW USING HIS PLATFORM TO SHOW SOLIDARITY FOR UKRAINE.

WE START WITH THE TWO-PART KPBS INVESTIGATION.

CLAIRE TRAGESER BRINGS US ONE STORY OF ALLEGED SEXISM AND HARASSMENT WITHIN THE SAN DIEGO SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT.

SHE ALSO SHOWS US WHAT IS BEING DONE TO MAKE THINGS BETTER FOR WOMEN IN LAW ENFORCEMENT.

>> THAT WAS THE REALITY OF IT.

IT IS VERY REAL.

>> DEBBIE KNEW THAT SHE WANTED TO BE A POLICE OFFICER.

>> MY PARENTS SAID YOU ARE NOT GOING TO BE A POLICE OFFICER.

SHE BECAME A SHERIFF'S DEPUTY.

SHE WAS EIGHT YEARS INTO A SUCCESSFUL CAREER.

IN APRIL 2021, SHE TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER STATION AS A DETECTIVE.

HER NEW SUPERVISOR WAS SERGEANT JON SILVER.

HE STOPPED BY HER CUBICLE.

>> HE SAID, WHERE IS THE PICTURE OF YOUR BOYFRIEND?

>> I WAS VERY TAKEN ABACK BY THAT COMMENT.

I THOUGHT IT WAS HIGHLY INAPPROPRIATE.

I SAID I DON'T HAVE A BOYFRIEND.

HE SAID, WELCOME IF YOU DON'T HAVE A BOYFRIEND, YOU MUST BE A LESBIAN.

>> IT WAS THE BEGINNING OF A HELLISH THREE MONTHS.

THE HARASSMENT WAS CONSTANT.

NEARLY EVERY DAY, SO THE COMMENTED ON HER BODY, HER ALLEGIANCE TO STATUS AND HER SEXUALITY.

>> SHE WAS JUST ONE OF SILVAS TARGETS.

THE DEPARTMENT INTERVIEWED DOZENS OF PEOPLE.

THEY ALL EXPERIENCED OR WITNESSED SEXUAL HARASSMENT, DISCRIMINATION, TARGETING, AND INAPPROPRIATE RACIAL REMARKS.

SO THE RETIRED BEFORE HE WAS PUNISHED AND WAS ALLOWED TO KEEP HIS FULL PENSION.

HIS ATTORNEY DIDN'T RESPOND TO REQUESTS FOR COMMENT.

>> THE CULTURE ITSELF IS REALLY DOMINATED BY MASCULINE VALUES.

>> ELLEN CHRISMAN IS A CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST WHO TREATS POLICE.

SHE SAID MANY PLEASE THE PERMITS ALLOW THIS TO FLOURISH.

>> THE EMPHASIS SOMETIMES WILL CAUSE SMALLER MEN AND WOMEN TO BE PUT -- TO BE HELD TO DIFFERENT STANDARDS.

>> STACY RALPH ALSO WORKED AT THE STATION.

THE HARASSMENT FROM SILVA WENT ON AND ON.

>> IF I WOULD HAVE WRITTEN DOWN EVERY INAPPROPRIATE THINK THAT HE SAID, I WOULD NEVER HAVE GOTTEN MY WORK DONE.

I WOULD BE SO STRESSED.

I WOULD SAY, WHAT IS HE GOING TO BRING TODAY?

I WOULD PRETEND I WAS LISTENING TO SOMETHING, IN HOPES THAT HE WOULD CONTINUE BY MY CUBE.

>> NO ONE FROM THE SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT WOULD DO AN INTERVIEW FOR THE STORY.

A SPOKESPERSON SENT A STATEMENT.

WE HOLD ALL OF OUR EMPLOYEES TO THE HIGHEST STANDARDS AND REQUIRE STAFF TO TREAT EVERYONE WITH DIGNITY, RESPECT, AND COMPASSION, THE STATEMENT SAID.

CHRISMAN SAID, IT IS COMMON FOR OFFICERS TO NOT REPORT HARASSMENT.

>> VERY OFTEN, IF YOU REPORT IT, NOTHING HAPPENS.

THAT IS EVEN WORSE BECAUSE THEN YOU HAVE JEOPARDIZED YOURSELF AND PUT YOURSELF OUT THERE FOR RETALIATION.

AND WHAT GOOD DID IT DO YOU?

NOTHING HAPPENED.

THEY SAY THAT IS EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED.

THEY SAY THEY WERE BLACKLISTED AND FACED RETALIATION.

FINALLY, THEY COULDN'T TAKE IT ANYMORE.

BOTH WALKED AWAY FROM WHAT HAD ONCE BEEN THEIR DREAM JOB.

NOW, STIESMEYER WORKS AS A SERVER .

>> I WALKED AWAY FROM ESSENTIALLY $130,000 FOR YOUR CAREER, AND I WASN'T VESTED, SO I DON'T GET A PENSION.

I HAD A TAKE-HOME CAR.

I HAD NOTHING.

THAT IS HOW BAD AND DESPERATE I WAS TO GET OUT OF THERE.

I THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE NOT IN THAT SITUATION OR THEY MIGHT BE SINGLE MOMS, OR THERE ARE THE PRIMARY CARETAKER AND INCOME AND THEY CAN'T WALK AWAY.

I LOST ALL MY INSURANCE.

I LOST MY CAREER.

IT IS HARD TO REPORT THAT.

BECAUSE THERE IS A STIGMA THAT YOU ARE THE SNITCH, AND YOU'RE ESSENTIALLY LACK LISTED FOR THE REST OF YOUR CAREER.

>> MEANWHILE, SILVAS PENSION PAYS HIM NEARLY $6000 A MONTH.

CLAIRE TRAGESER, KPBS NEWS.

>> FOR SOME WOMEN, WORKING UNDER KOTARO MURASHIGE MEANT SEXIST, CONDESCENDING, AND DISPARAGING COMMENTS.

AN INTERNAL AFFAIRS REPORT FOUND THAT WHEN THEY ASKED FOR HELP, HE HUNG UP ON THEM.

WHEN ASKED FOR ADDITIONAL TRAINING, HE IGNORED THEM OR TOLD THEM TO QUIT.

AMITA SHARMA SIX RESIGNED IN LIEU OF BEING FIRED.

HIS ATTORNEY DIDN'T RESPOND TO REQUEST FOR COMMENT.

AS THIS CASE SHOWS, EVEN IN 2022, POLICE DEPARTMENTS CAN STILL BE TOXIC PLACES.

ESPECIALLY FOR WOMEN.

ELLEN CHRISMAN IS A COUNSELOR THAT TREATS OFFICERS.

SHE SAYS POLICE DEPARTMENTS NEED WOMEN IN THEIR RANKS.

>> THEY MAKE REALLY GOOD POLICE OFFICERS.

SOME OF THE SMARTEST AND MOST DEDICATED AND COMPETENT PEOPLE I KNOW IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ARE WOMEN.

>> CHRISTIANS AS FEMALE OFFICERS CAN FIND THEMSELVES CAUGHT IN A CATCH-22.

SEXISM KEEPS THEM OUT OF LEADERSHIP ROLES.

SO THE SEXISM OFTEN CONTINUES.

>> IF YOU HAVE THE RIGHT WOMEN, THEY WILL KEEP THEIR EYES OUT FOR WHEN THESE THINGS HAPPEN.

THEY WILL MENTOR.

THEY WILL MENTOR THE WERE WOMEN ON THE JOB.

>> SO WHAT CAN BE DONE?

CHRISMAN SAYS THAT IF THE PERMITS ARE SERIOUS, THEY ADOPT STRICT POLICIES.

THEY ENFORCE THEM.

>> PEOPLE IN CHARGE AT THE LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT CAN SHOW DECENT BEHAVIOR AS OPPOSED TO BEING PART OF THE PROBLEM, WHICH SOMETIMES HAPPENS.

>> NO ONE FROM THE SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT WOULD DO AN INTERVIEW FOR THE STORY BUT THEY SENT A STATEMENT SAYING THE DEPARTMENT HAS STRICT POLICIES AND ALL EMPLOYEES ARE REQUIRED TO ATTEND SEXUAL HARASSMENT TRAINING.

BUT THE TRAININGS FALL FALL SHORT SAYS DEBBIE STEVE MEYER.

SHE IS A FORMER DETECTIVE.

>> THEY ARE TRAININGS ON A COMPUTER.

SO MAYBE HUMANIZING THE EXPERIENCE AND REALLY LISTENING TO IT HAPPENED NEEDS TO HAPPEN.

EVEN OUR DETECTIVE TRAININGS, YOU CAN READ THE MATERIALS, BUT THE MOST MEMORABLE TRAINING WAS ONE ABOUT THE VICTIMS IN.

>> AN OFFICER MAY SHUT DOWN AND NOT REALLY BE TUNED IN.

IF THEY FIND IT DIFFICULT TO RELATE TO HIS FELLOW BROTHERS AND SISTERS THAT THEY SERVE WITH BREAD >> DAN MAES IS A RETIRED CAPTAIN.

HE SAYS DEPARTMENTS NEED STRICT POLICIES, BUT THAT'S ALSO NOT ENOUGH.

THEY ALSO NEED EMPATHY AND UNDERSTANDING.

ABOUT HOW THE STRESS AND TRAUMA OF THE JOB CAN IMPACT THEIR OFFICERS BEHAVIOR.

IF YOU DON'T HAVE THAT -- >> THEN YOU'RE GOING TO BE MORE LIKELY TO DO THINGS WITHOUT THINKING.

>> STIESMEYER SAYS SYSTEMIC REFORMS ARE NEEDED THAT GO BEYOND A SINGLE THE PERMIT.

>> HE GETS A PENSION FROM $6000 A MONTH.

>> THERE HAS TO BE A CONSEQUENCE TO STOP PEOPLE FROM DOING THIS.

THERE IS NOTHING DETERRING THEM FROM THIS BEHAVIOR.

I THINK THAT IS A HUGE THING.

THERE NEEDS TO BE BIG CONSEQUENCES.

>> SHE WANTS A NEW STATE LAW THAT WOULD STOP THAT FROM HAPPENING.

CLAIRE TRAGESER, KPBS NEWS.

>>> AS SAN DIEGO COUNTY WRAPS UP THE VOTE COUNTS.

IT IS CLEAR WHO WILL LEAD THE SHERIFF'S THE PERMIT.

KELLY MARTINEZ WILL BE LEADING EARLIER IN THE YEAR.

MARTINEZ IS ALREADY MAKING SOME MOVES BY APPOINTING AN ASSISTANT SHERIFF.

THEY ARE STILL SORTING THROUGH ABOUT 15,000 REMAINING BELTS.

THOSE ARE ALL PALLETS THAT NEED SIGNATURE VERIFICATION OR OTHER ISSUES FIXED BEFORE BEING ADDED TO THE OFFICIAL COUNT TO GET CAUGHT UP ON WHERE THINGS STAND, YOU CAN VISIT KPBS.ORG , AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH AND IN SPANISH.

IT IS LOOKING LIKE NEXT MONTH MIGHT BRING THE END TO A MAJOR CHANGE AT THE BORDER.

HERE IS WHAT IT MEANS FOR ASYLUM-SEEKERS.

>> THIS STRUCK DOWN THE CONTROVERSIAL POLICY FIRST ENACTED BY THE TRUMP -- ONE OF THE THAT SUED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OVER THIS POLICY.

>> HE AGREED WITH THE PLAINTIFF.

THAT THIS POLICY IS ILLEGAL.

FOR THAT REASON, WE MAKE A DEPOSIT.

>> ON THE POLICY WAS FIRST INSTITUTED AT THE START OF THE PANDEMIC, DEMONSTRATION PRINTED AS A WAY TO SLOW DOWN THE SPREAD OF COVID-19.

CROW AND OTHER CRITICS OF THE POLICY HAVE LONG QUESTIONED THE RATIONAL COMES IN, IT'S JUST ANOTHER WAY FOR TRUMP TO RESTRICT IMMIGRATION.

>> FOR A VERY LONG TIME, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERTS AT BBC HAVE SAID THAT TITLE 42 WAS NOT NECESSARY TO ADDRESS THE COVID PANDEMIC.

NOT ONLY WAS IT NOT NECESSARY, IT WASN'T EFFECTIVE.

>> WHILE TUESDAY'S RULING WAS EFFECTIVE, IT DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY END TITLE 42.

>> IT ALLOWED THE GOVERNMENT TO WIND DOWN THE POLICY AND RETURN TO NORMAL IMMIGRATION LAW.

>> THAT WAS THE POLICY DIRECTOR FOR THE IMMIGRATION COUNSEL, NATIONAL IMMIGRANT RIGHTS GROUP.

HE SAYS THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COULD APPEAL THE RULING, OR AN ATTORNEY GENERAL COULD TRY TO PLUG IT IN COURT.

>> SO AT THIS MOMENT, WE DON'T KNOW WHETHER TITLE 42 WILL IN FACT POP UP ON DECEMBER 21st.

BUT THIS IS AS CLOSE AS IT HAS EVER BEEN.

>> GUSTAVO SOLIS, KPBS NEWS.

>>> THIS EDITION OF ROUNDTABLE FEATURES GUSTAVO SOLIS.

YOU CAN STREAM IT ON OUR WEBSITE AND MAJOR PODCAST FOR PLATFORMS.

THE UC SYSTEM HAS SOME OF THE TOP AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES.

THAT INCLUDES UC SAN DIEGO.

MANY WHO DO THAT WORK SAY THEY DESERVE BETTER.

KPBS EDUCATION REPORTER M.G.

PEREZ TELLS US WHY THEY ARE ON STRIKE.

>> YOU COULD HEAR IT EVERYWHERE ON THE LA JOLLA CAMPUS THIS MORNING.

>> EACH ONE OF THESE STRIKERS WORKED FOR UC SAN DIEGO.

THEY ARE POSTGRADUATE AND DOCTORAL SCHOLARS.

CATHERINE METCALF IS ONE OF THEM.

>> I AM STRIKING BECAUSE THE UNIVERSITY HAS BEEN BARGAINING WITH US IN BAD FAITH FOR MONTHS.

>> METCALF AND THE OTHER WORKERS ON THIS CAMPUS TEACH MOSTLY OF THE STUDENTS WHILE ALSO DOING RESEARCH.

>> THEY HAVE COMMITTED A NUMBER OF UNFAIR PRACTICES INCLUDING BARGAINING WITH UNITS OUTSIDE OF THIS.

THEY ARE SPECIFICALLY ILLEGAL AND NOT FAIR.

>> THESE INSTRUCTORS SAY THEY WILL STAY ON THE PICKET LINES AND OUT OF THEIR CLASSROOMS UNTIL THEY HAVE A NEW CONTRACT.

THE LABOR DISPUTE IS ALSO ABOUT MORE MONEY AND BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS.

THEY SAY THEY HAVE STUDENTS ON THEIR SIDE.

>> OUR WORKING CONDITIONS ARE THEIR LEARNING CONDITIONS BUT MY STUDENTS ARE STANDING IN SOLIDARITY WITH ME AND OTHER GRADUATE STUDENTS.

THEY KNOW THAT THE SITUATION THAT THE UNIVERSITY IS PUT THEM IN IS UNFAIR AND THEY KNOW THAT WE HAVE TO FIGHT TOGETHER TO SHOW THE UNIVERSITY THAT WITHOUT US, THE UNIVERSITY IS NOT WORKING.

>> ONE THING IS FOR SURE.

THE STRIKE DID NOT HAPPEN OVERNIGHT.

POSTGRADUATE UNION MEMBERS HAVE BEEN NEGOTIATING WITH THE UNIVERSITY FOR ALMOST A YEAR.

AS FOR A RESPONSE FROM THE UNIVERSITY, THERE IS JUST A WRITTEN STATEMENT.

>> IT COMES FROM THE UC PRESIDENTS OFFICE SPEAKING FOR ALL CAMPUSES.

IT SAYS IN PART, THE UNIVERSITY OF COMPANY CONTINUES TO NEGOTIATE IN GOOD FAITH, AS WE DO EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO MITIGATE THE IMPACTS OF ANY STRIKE ACTIONS ON OUR STUDENT LEARNING.

THE UNIVERSITY LOOKS FORWARD TO CONTINUING NEGOTIATIONS IN GOOD FAITH WITH THE UAW AND SETTLING THESE CONTRACTS AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.

SO THAT IMPORTANT LEARNING AND VITAL RESEARCH AT OUR LOCATIONS MAY CONTINUE.

>> THE WAGES BARELY AFFORD US TO LIVE AT A SUSTAINABLE LEVEL.

>> HE IS A TEACHING ASSISTANT AND BIOLOGY RESEARCHER.

HE IS AFRAID HE WILL NOT MAKE IT TO GRADUATION.

>> IT IS HARD IF YOU'RE ALWAYS THINKING ABOUT -- IF YOU'RE LIVING PAYCHECK TO PAYCHECK, IT IS HARDER TO DO RESEARCH.

>> THE IMPACT OF THE STRIKE WILL BE DETERMINED BY HOW LONG IT CONTINUES.

M.G.

PEREZ, KPBS.ORG .

KPBS NEWS.

>> THANK YOU.

>>> KPBS'S ERIC ANDERSON TELLS US HOW ADVOCATES ARE TRYING TO KEEP THE PRESSURE ON.

>> MELINDA MARTINEZ MOVED INTO ONE OF OCEANSIDE'S EARLIER NEIGHBORHOODS INTO THE CENTER.

AFTER FINDING A SPANISH COLONIAL COTTAGE ON A RARE, OVERSIZED LOT.

>> WE FELL IN LOVE WITH THE NEIGHBORHOODS AND OUR NEIGHBORS.

WE HAVE SWEETHEART NEIGHBORS.

>> MARTINEZ ADDED 13 SOLAR PANELS JUST OVER FIVE YEARS AGO.

THE SOLAR ARRAY IS LOCATED ON THE HOLMES FLAT GROUP, KEEPING IT MOSTLY HIDDEN FROM THE STREET, BUT THE IMPACT IS VERY VISIBLE ON THE MARTINEZ ELECTRICITY BILL.

>> WE HAVE ONLY SEEN CREDIT ON OUR UTILITIES.

BASICALLY, WE HAVE NO ELECTRICAL BILL.

>> THAT BILL CREDIT COMES FROM CALIFORNIA'S NET ENERGY METERING REGULATIONS.

INITIALLY, UTILITIES HAD TO PAY THE RETAIL RATE FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY ROOFTOP SOLAR.

THE SYSTEM WAS ADJUSTED IN 2017.

SOLAR OWNERS HOW TO ENROLL IN TIME OF USE RATE PLANS AND UTILITIES.

A FEW PENNIES LESS FOR A LOT OF ENERGY.

>> WE ARE PUTTING OUT ENERGY TO THEM.

THEY PAY A CERTAIN FEE FOR THAT ENERGY OUTPUT.

BEING THIS WEIRD THING FOR THE ENERGY DURING THE PEAK PERIOD.

IT STILL ALLOWS US TO HAVE CREDIT.

>> BUT CHANGES PROPOSED LAST DECEMBER WOULD HAVE UPENDED THAT SYSTEM.

THE UTILITY PLANS/THE VALUE OF GENERATED ELECTRICITY BY 80%.

IT HAS MANDATORY GRID EXCESS FEES.

THE OUTCRY WAS IMMEDIATE.

AFTER WEEKS OF DISSENT, REGULARS PUT THAT PLAN ON HOLD.

SOLAR ADVOCATES CHEERED THE DELAY, BUT IT WAS NOT TIME TO RING THE VICTORY BELL.

>> WE KNEW THAT JUST BECAUSE IT PAUSED, DIDN'T MEAN THAT THEY WERE CONVINCED THAT THEY WERE WRONG.

NUMBER TWO, THE GOVERNMENT DID SAY THAT THE CHANGES NEEDED TO BE MADE, BUT HE DIDN'T SAY WHAT THE CHANGES NEEDED TO BE.

>> SOLAR SUPPORTERS SPENT THIS YEAR ON THE DECEMBER PROPOSAL.

UTILITY OFFICES AROUND THE STATE, INCLUDING THE HEADQUARTERS IN JULY.

>> PLEASE REVERSE YOUR ATTACK CAMPAIGN ON ROOFTOP SOLAR.

>> THERE WAS AN APPEAL TO GAVIN NEWSOM ASKING HIM TO PROTECT THE SOLAR INDUSTRY IS 67,000 JOBS.

ROSENTHAL SAYS ADVOCATES LOBBIED LAWMAKERS AND FOR MONTHS, THEY FLOODED MEETINGS WITH PUBLIC COMMENT.

>> IT IS VERY RARE FOR REGULAR PUBLIC TO INTERACT DIRECTLY WITH CPUC.

FOR MOST OF THE TIME THIS CAMPAIGN HAS BEEN GOING ON, WE HAVE BEEN IN A COVID ENVIRONMENT WHERE WE WERE NOT MEETING IN PERSON.

IT WASN'T UNTIL THE SPRING THAT THERE WAS AN IN PERSON MEETING FOR THE CPUC TO BE IN A POSITION TO LOOK THE PUBLIC IN THE EYE AND , YOU KNOW, HERE FROM MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC.

>> ADVOCATES WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT HOMEOWNERS SEE FINANCIAL BENEFITS FOR THEIR SOLAR ARRAYS.

>> HOW MANY YEARS DOES IT TAKE FOR THAT INVESTMENT TO PAY FOR ITSELF IN SAVINGS -- IN UTILITY BILL SAVINGS.

>> REMOVE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES AND THEY GRIND TO A HALT.

THEY SAY GREAT EXPENSES ARE BEING SHIFTED TO NON-SOLAR CUSTOMERS.

>> WE WANT THE KPBS PUBLIC MEDIA TO REFORM THE PROGRAM TO MAKE SURE THAT EVERYONE IS PAYING THEIR FAIR SHARE.

>> THE NEW PROPOSED RULES DID NOT PLEASE EITHER SIDE.

THE ONEROUS GRID CONNECTION FEE IS GONE, BUT THE VALUE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY ROOFTOP SOLAR IS BEING SLASHED.

PRO UTILITY GROUPS SAY NON- SOLAR CUSTOMERS STILL PAY AN UNFAIR SHARE OF BAKED IN GRID COSTS.

SOLAR INDUSTRY FACTORS SAY THAT REMOVING FINANCIAL INCENTIVES WILL SLOW SOLAR ADOPTION, WHICH IS BAD FOR THE STATES CLIMATE GOALS.

REGULATORS COULD TWEAK THE PLAN BASED ON THE WEDNESDAY HEARING.

THEY REMAIN POISED TO MAKE A FINAL DECISION IN MID DECEMBER.

ERIK ANDERSON, KPBS NEWS.

>> IN THAT STORY BY ERIK ANDERSON IS ONE OF OUR MOST READ THIS WEEK.

IT'S PART OF A TWO-PART INFESTATION IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN LAW ENFORCEMENT.

THAT STORY GOT US A LOT OF ATTENTION.

WE HAD EARLIER IN THIS NEWSCAST.

THERE IS STILL AN APPETITE FOR ELECTION NEWS, INCLUDING A LOOK AT WHO VOTED AND WHY, AS WE GET MORE DETAILS ON THE TURNOUT.

AND A LOOK AT WHITE CALIFORNIA DECIDED TO REJECT A BALLOT MEASURE THAT REDUCED TO OURS.

THAT IS ALL AVAILABLE AT KPBS.ORG.

>>> NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER -- SPOKE THIS WEEK.

HE IS COUNTING ON A NEW GENERATION TO CONTINUE THAT SPIRIT OF ACTIVISM.

>> HE IS TALKING ABOUT SOMETHING HE SPENT A LIFETIME PROMOTING.

DEMOCRACY.

AND THE CURRENT RUSSIAN ATTEMPT TO KILL IT IN UKRAINE.

>> WE HAVE TO MAKE A WISE DECISION.

WE HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT PUTIN MADE A TERRIBLE MISTAKE.

HE MOBILIZED THE ENTIRE WORLD AGAINST HIM.

>> HE FIRST MADE HEADLINES IN THE 1980s WHEN HE STARTED THE GRASSROOTS LABOR UNION SOLIDARITY IN POLAND.

HE BECAME THE FIRST DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED LEADERS.

HE HELPED BRING DOWN THE IRON CURTAIN.

>> THE QUESTION TODAY IS CAN WE FIND SOMETHING THAT WE DO HAVE IN COMMON?

>> SPEAKING TO REPORTERS THIS MORNING, THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE LAUREATE SAID THAT NATO NATIONS NEED TO SUPPORT UKRAINE AND THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE IN DEFEATING HOOTEN AND DISMANTLING HIS CORRUPT POLITICAL SYSTEM.

>> SOME PEOPLE THINK WE ARE GOING TO DESTROY OUR CIVILIZATION.

THEY ARE AFRAID THAT SOMEONE WILL PUSH THE BUTTON.

AND BASICALLY WILL AND ALL LIFE ON THIS PLANET.

>> WITH DETERMINATION, HE WEARS PASSION ON HIS SLEEVE, ALWAYS PROMOTING DEMOCRACY AND HIS FIRM BELIEF IN THE YOUNGER GENERATION.

>> I'M LEAVING IT TO YOU, NOW.

YOU CAN DO THE WORK.

>> THE MAN WHO WENT FROM A SHIPYARD ELECTRICIAN TO A NATIONS STATESMAN ALSO HAS MAINTAINED HIS ICONIC MUSTACHE AND SENSE OF HUMOR.

TRANSIT OF I WAS STRIKING FOR SO LONG THAT IT GREW AND I HAVEN'T HAD TIME TO SHAVE IT OFF.

>> M.G.

PEREZ, KPBS NEWS.

>>> WHEN YOU STEP INTO A MUSEUM, THE SETTING CAN BE AS IMPACTFUL AS THE EXHIBIT.

WHAT MUSEUM GOERS REALLY WANT TO SEE.

>> A VIDEO TAKEN AT THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY MUSEUM OF ART SHOWS MUSEUM VISITORS AT AN EXHIBIT.

THE VIDEO IS ONE SMALL PIECE OF VISUAL DATA THEY WILL EXAMINE TO FIND OUT HOW PEOPLE INTERACT WITH ART OBJECTS.

HE SAYS THAT THE PEOPLE ANALYZE THEIR MOVEMENTS.

>> THEY ARE POINTING OR STANDING IN FRONT OF AN OBJECT FOR SOME EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME .

THEY ARE TURNING IN TALKING TO A FRIEND WHO CAME INTO THE MUSEUM WITH THEM.

WE CAN THEN LOOK AT THE FREQUENCY OF ALL THOSE EVENTS.

WHEN THEY OCCUR WHEN SOMEONE MOVES THROUGH THE GALLERY, WHAT IS THE PATH SOMEBODY TAKES AS THEY MOVE THROUGH THE GALLERY.

>> CAMERAS ARE INSTALLED AT THE TOP OF THE WALLS THAT SURROUND THE EXHIBIT TO CAPTURE THE MOVEMENT OF VISITORS.

ALBRIGHT SAID THE BASEMENT, FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION HAS TWO GOALS.

ONE IS FOCUSED ON CREATING A GOOD MUSEUM EXHIBIT.

>> SO HOW CAN WE OPTIMIZE THE PLACEMENT OF OBJECTS IN THE GALLERY TO FACILITATE LEARNING ON THE PART OF THE VISITORS?

>> THEN THERE IS THE SCIENTIFIC PART.

>> THE SECOND GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND HOW PEOPLE BEHAVE, HOW VISUAL INFORMATION AND ACCESS -- MOTOR ACCESS TO THE SPACE -- EFFECTS THE CHOICES THEY MAKE.

>> VICTORIA BANNER IS THE DIRECTOR OF THE EXHIBITION DESIGN AT BLACK MOLD.

SHE SAID THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE MUSEUM DIRECTORS WITH THE KIND OF INFORMATION ABOUT VISITOR BEHAVIOR THEY HAVEN'T HAD BEFORE.

>> THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE US WITH REALLY GREAT, YOU KNOW, DATA.

WE CAN THEN USE IT TOWARD FUTURE DECISION-MAKING.

AND THEN WHEN WE KNOW THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS, AND WE WANT TO DO SOMETHING ELSE ANYWAY, AND AT LEAST WE KNOW WHAT WE ARE DOING.

>> OF COURSE, MUSEUM DIRECTORS AND CURATORS HAVE SPENT A LOT OF TIME THINKING ABOUT WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO DISPLAY ART AND HOW TO ARRANGE OBJECTS IN A GALLERY.

>> AS WE MOVE AROUND IT, THE WORK REALLY CHANGES.

NO, WHEN YOU'RE STANDING STRAIGHT ON, IT HAS ROUNDED CORNERS.

AS YOU MOVE AROUND, YOU SEE THE SIGHTS HAVE SHARP EDGES.

>> IN LA JOLLA AT THE MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS SAN DIEGO, JILL DAWES HE SHOWS ME A FOOT STRUCTURE.

THE STRUCTURE IS CLEARLY THE START OF THE EXHIBIT.

IT IS TRANSLUCENT AND CHANGES COLOR AS YOU MOVE AROUND IT AND AS THE GALLERIES NATURAL LIGHT FADES OR BRIGHTENS.

CPUC INFLUENCES IT MAKES A STATEMENT ABOUT THE STORY WANT TO TELL.

>> SO WE MOVED AND WE THOUGHT CAREFULLY ABOUT THE MEANING WE ARE CREATING AND THE STORIES WERE TELLING.

WE THINK ABOUT THE PACING OF ART OBJECTS AND HOW MUCH SPACE GOES BETWEEN THEM, TOO, YOU KNOW, CREATE A COMFORTABLE PACE AND A CERTAIN KIND OF CADENCE IN THE ROOM.

WE THINK ABOUT SITE LINE, AND HOW WE ARE GOING TO, YOU KNOW, STAGE AND ARTWORK AND PULL A VISITOR FORWARD INTO A ROOM.

>> AND, SHE SAYS, YOU GOT TO PUT HIS CULTURE INTO A PLACE WHERE A VISITOR DOESN'T HAVE TO BACK INTO IT WHEN THEY'RE LOOKING AT A PAINTING ON THE WALL.

EVERYONE SAYS SHE LOOKS FORWARD TO SEEING THE FINDINGS OF THE SALK INSTITUTE STUDY.

>> I THINK IT WOULD BE FASCINATING TO SEE WHAT THEY LEARNED BECAUSE IN MY EXPERIENCE, VISITORS, YOU KNOW, NAVIGATE THE MUSEUM IN THEIR OWN IDIOSYNCRATIC WAYS.

IT WOULD HELP THE PACE AT WHICH PEOPLE ARE MOVING THROUGH THE GALLERIES, AND HOW OFTEN ARTWORK REALLY DOES SERVE AS CONVERSATION PIECES.

>> SALK INSTITUTE SCIENTIST TOM ALBRIGHT SAYS SCIENTISTS WILL MANIPULATE THE EXHIBIT AT THE ELLIOTT MUSEUM OF ART TO SEE HOW THAT AFFECTS VISITOR BEHAVIOR.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS WILL BE SHORTENED OR EXPANDED.

THE LOCATION OF ARTWORKS WILL BE MOVED AROUND.

THE EXHIBIT THEY ARE STUDYING IS CALLED CONVERSING IN CRAY.

IT WILL BE OPEN UNTIL MAY 23rd.

THOMAS FUTCH, KPBS NEWS.

>> THAT STORY IS AVAILABLE ON THE KPBS YOUTUBE PAGE.

WE HAVE COMMUNITY CONVERSATIONS AND BREAKING NEWS.

YOU CAN ALSO LIVE STREAM KPBS EVENING EDITION WEEKNIGHTS AT 5:00.

WE HOPE YOU ENJOYED THIS LOOK AT KPBS NEWS: THIS WEEK.

I AM MAYA TRABULSI.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.